The European Commission launched an antitrust investigation into Google on Tuesday. The probe targets how the company uses online content from web publishers and YouTube videos to train its AI models.
The
Commission opened an antitrust investigation into Google’s use of online content for AI
We’re assessing whether publishers’ and creators’ content was used in unfair conditions and if this put rival AI developers at a disadvantage.
More info
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— EU Competition (@EU_Competition) December 9, 2025
EU regulators want to know if Google violated competition rules. They’re questioning whether the tech giant properly compensates publishers for using their content.
The investigation will examine if Google distorts competition through unfair terms and conditions. Regulators are looking at whether the company gives itself privileged access to content while putting rival AI developers at a disadvantage.
“AI is bringing remarkable innovation and many benefits for people and businesses across Europe, but this progress cannot come at the expense of the principles at the heart of our societies,” said Teresa Ribera, the EU’s commissioner for competition. She emphasized that the probe targets potential unfair terms imposed on publishers and content creators.
The Commission plans to investigate how Google generates AI Overviews and AI Mode. These features use AI-generated summaries that appear above traditional search results in more than 100 countries.
A key question is whether publishers can refuse to have their content used without losing access to Google Search. The EU wants to determine if Google adequately compensates publishers for this content use.
Google faces serious financial consequences if found guilty. The company could be hit with a fine reaching 10% of its global annual revenue.
A Google spokesperson pushed back against the investigation. “This complaint risks stifling innovation in a market that is more competitive than ever,” they told CNBC. The company said Europeans deserve access to the latest technologies and pledged to work with news and creative industries.
This isn’t Google’s first run-in with EU regulators. In September, the bloc fined Google nearly 3 billion euros for breaching antitrust rules in the advertising technology industry. Google called that decision “wrong” and filed an appeal.
The Google investigation comes during a wave of EU actions against American tech companies. Last week, the Commission opened an antitrust probe into Meta over its WhatsApp AI policies.
On Friday, regulators fined Elon Musk’s X 120 million euros for breaching transparency obligations around advertising. The penalty addressed issues with X’s advertising repository and the “deceptive design” of its blue checkmark system.
Musk responded by calling for the EU to be abolished. Several Republican officials also criticized the decision.
The Google investigation started after independent publishers filed a complaint in July. They raised concerns about how the company uses their content for AI purposes.
Google began adding advertisements to AI Overviews last May. These AI-generated summaries appear to users before traditional webpage links in search results.
The Commission said it’s concerned about Google’s use of YouTube videos uploaded by users. Regulators want to know if the same compensation and consent issues apply to this content.
The investigation follows the EU’s commitment to protecting online press and content creators. Ribera called the case “a strong signal” of efforts to ensure fair competition in emerging AI markets.
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